programming is the process of translating human knowledge into instructions which then can be executed on computer devices to solve a problems

instance is a “physical” creation of and Object i.e. memory allocation of the description provided by the Class definition.

hash aka Dictionary is a data structure that can store and retrieve associations as key-value pairs.
— A hash function is any function that can be used to map data of arbitrary size to fixed-size values.

compiler is a application that converts a program to yet another program in a “more executable” form, typically containing native machine instructions.

inheritance is the mechanism of basing an object or class upon another object (prototype-based inheritance) or class (class-based inheritance), retaining similar implementation.

mutable variables can be reassigned i.e. can change their value.

A reference is a Variable that stores the name of another Variable

loop : repetition with condition.

grok : To understand profoundly through intuition or empathy.

Abbreviation for List-of-Lists data structure.